35. PayPal states in the Agreement that “[i]f we have reason to believe that you have engaged in any Restricted Activities, we may take various actions to protect PayPal, eBay, a User, a third party, or you from Reversals, Chargebacks, Claims, fees, fines, penalties and any other liability.” These actions include closing, suspending, or limiting access to a user’s PayPal account or holding funds “for up to 180 days if reasonably needed to protect against the risk of liability.” (emphasis added). However, none of these restricted behaviors are applicable here, as PayPal has failed to identify any of these Restricted Activities to Plaintiffs and the Class as the reason for holding all funds in the account. 37. In opportune timing with the poor state of the economy, PayPal started holding funds in sellers’ accounts by placing reserves on accounts and/or limiting and/or suspending seller’s accounts and holding the funds in the accounts for 180 days (collectively referred to as “holding funds”). 38. PayPal has thus implemented a policy and practice of systematically and arbitrarily closing, suspending, or limiting access to its users’ accounts (collectively referred to as “holding funds”) without reason to believe that the user has engaged in a restricted activity. During this time, funds cannot be withdrawn from a user’s PayPal account. 39. Furthermore, contrary to the express and limiting language in the Agreement, PayPal, through exploiting nonexistent contract terms or vague and unjustified contract language and interpretation, holds funds for up to or in excess of 180 days. PayPal makes this decision to hold funds at its sole discretion, in violation of the contract. 40. During this hold period in which users are prohibited from accessing their own funds in their PayPal accounts, the funds continue to accrue interest. PayPal further benefits by retaining the interest accrued. 41. PayPal’s practice of placing holds on users’ accounts has met widespread disappointment and anger from consumers around the country, as evidenced by the numerous websites created to protest PayPal’s holding of funds. See, e.g., www.letssuepaypal.com, www.paypal**bleep**.com, www.**bleep**-paypal.com, www.aboutpaypal.org, www.paypalwarning.com. Typical comments on these websites include: “I'm from Northern California. They're holding around $18,000 of mine hostage for 180 days as of a few days ago. ….. I've uploaded every document under the sun and after jumping through their hoops they decided to keep my money anyways. I'm an honest seller with 100% positive feedback and ZERO charge backs….” Taken from www.letssuepaypal.com. “PayPal keeps holding funds on my account even though i have 100% feedback rating. They can't give me a reason, they just say it's policy….” Taken from www.consumeraffairs.com. “I've been using paypal as my transactions processor for 3 years or so, and have been pretty active the entire time, since I sell a lot of stuff on multiple sites. … I wake up Friday morning (January 29, 2010), planning to transfer the funds to my bank account, since all sales for the month had been completed... Low and behold, my Paypal account is frozen. …Needless to say, it's now a paypal horror story on the tune of $2,455.63. It took them 1 whole day to say they will hold my money for 180 days....” Taken from www.paypal**bleep**.com. “For no reason these [expletive] have decided to freeze all funds in my account for 180 days for no reason whatsoever…their excuse “report of suspicious activity”. Taken from www.aboutpaypal.org. “i have a paypal premier account and a paypal business account, on february 12th my business paypal account was limited because of high risk security concerns, 9 days after my paypal premier accounts has been limited because of the same…my business account remained frozen with over $2,400 dollars and the premier account was frozen with $597.00 dollars for 180 days…” Taken from www.consumeraffairs.com. “Holding auction funds to me from a buyer for (up to) 21 days.” Taken from www.consumeraffairs.com. “For over 60 days now. Paypal has $9,752.59 USD of my money!” Taken from www.aboutpaypal.org. 42. PayPal informed account holders of the hold on their funds through use of form emails or a prepared phone script which provided no information as to why there was going to be a reserve placed on their account and/or why their account was going to be limited/suspended for a period of time up to 180 days. 43. The email informs the users that their funds are being held for the following non- explanatory reasons: “excessive risk involved”, “security issues”, or “suspicious activity.” These terms are not defined in the PayPal User Agreement, and no further explanation is given. See Exhibit 1, Paragraph 15 (“Definitions”). 44. When PayPal users inquire as to the reasons behind why their account has a hold placed on it by contacting PayPal’s Resolution Center, as required by the User Agreement (see Exhibit 1, Section 14.1 (“Contact PayPal First”)), users were met with non-responsive and unhelpful customer service employees, “canned” responses, and/or a litany of requests for additional documentation, including social security numbers, and other personal information. 45. Even after users provide the additional documents, PayPal continues to withhold information regarding why the hold was placed, providing only a form email stating that they are unable to provide more information as to why there is a hold on the users’ accounts: “If you would like to obtain copies of the information we reviewed in deciding to place a limitation on your account, you will need to obtain a court order or subpoena.” 46. During the holding period, money is permitted to enter into the accounts, but users are unable to access the funds at any time until the holding period expires, up to 180 days. 47. Additionally, once funds are returned, PayPal retains the interest that accrued while Plaintiffs and the Class were frozen from their accounts. 48. As a result of PayPal’s actions, Plaintiffs and the Class have suffered damages, and eBay and PayPal have been enriched in the form of interest on the money held in the accounts without reason. 49. PayPal has not provided any real explanation as to why the accounts have a hold placed on them, and does not provide PayPal users with any guidance or criteria so that they can select customers and conduct transactions in a way to avoid PayPal’s hold policies. 50. PayPal has left Plaintiffs and the Class with no opportunity to obtain access to their funds prior to the expiration of the hold period, let alone understand the reasons for the hold to be able to prevent a hold, in the form of a reserve or a limitation/cancellation of their account, from being placed on their accounts in the future. California’s Substantive Law Applies To The Proposed Class 53. Also, California’s substantive laws may be constitutionally applied to the claims of Plaintiffs and the Class under the Due Process Clause, 14th Amend., § 1, and the Full Faith and Credit Clause, art. IV, § 1, of the US Constitution. California has significant contact, or significant aggregation of contacts, to the claims asserted by Plaintiffs and all Class members, thereby creating state interests that ensure that the choice of California state law is not arbitrary or unfair. b. Whether PayPal has a practice of breaching the terms of the PayPal User Agreement, or the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, by holding funds in its users’ accounts for up to 180 days without determining that such action is reasonably necessary to protect against liability; c. Whether PayPal breached the terms of the PayPal User Agreement by retaining the interest generated by the funds in closed, suspended, or limited accounts; d. Whether PayPal breached the fiduciary duties owed to Plaintiffs and the Class; e. Whether PayPal is obligated to refund the interest generated on closed, suspended, or limited accounts under theories of money had and received or unjust enrichment; f. Whether PayPal held electronically transferred funds in an unlawful manner; g. Whether Plaintiffs and the Class entered into a contract with PayPal by agreeing to its User Agreement; h. Whether Defendant’s conduct constitutes deceptive, unfair and/or oppressive conduct as defined under the California Unfair Business Practices Act (UCL) (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §17200 et seq.); i. Whether Defendant was unjustly enriched by its scheme at the expense of Plaintiffs and the Class; j. Whether Plaintiffs and Class have been damaged, and if so, in what amount; k. Whether Plaintiffs and the Class are entitled to restitution of all monies acquired by Defendant from Plaintiffs and the Class and the general public as a result of Defendant’s unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business practices; l. Whether Plaintiffs and the Class have been damaged, and if so, in what amount; and m. Whether PayPal owes Plaintiffs and the Class an accounting of the interest accrued on their funds while their accounts were closed, suspended, or limited;
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