No, after you have been issued a refund from the supposed "scam" company they can not chargeback the payment you have just been issued a refund for, the worst they can do depending on the amount is charge the source but they would not really do that if it is a "scam" company or product/service, if it was a real company and their was no issue and you have been charging back which you should not be doing they can still ban your "account" or simply just send you a invoice saying you need to pay it unless of course that product/service was not distributed to you.
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